![]() ![]() ↑ 5.0 5.1 The ደ and ተ series are dentals unlike the English d & t (which are alveolar).↑ The በ series is pronounced with the consonant / β/ in between two vowels.The letters' pronunciations in spoken Amharic sometime differ from the IPA vowels given in this chart (dependent on word and stress). ↑ The Abugida uses the IPA pronunciations that are used specifically when reading the alphabet or spelling a word in Amharic.When ä is used in the transliteration it represents the first order vowel (usually ɛ). When it is shown in IPA (or between slashes) it represents the open central unrounded vowel. ↑ 2.0 2.1 The letter ä has two functions in this article.↑ 1.0 1.1 The standard transliteration of the Ethiopian Semitic consonants and vowels are listed first (except for letters used for loanwords).Also, the English approximations are sometimes very rough, and they give only a general idea of the pronunciation. At the cost of redundancy, Amharic speakers retain the archaic letters in their orthography to preserve the Ge'ez origins of many of their words. There are multiple ways to write some letters in Amharic as some of the sounds that were once used in Ge'ez are non-existent in modern Amharic. ![]() In the charts below, there are certain rows written in grey to indicate that such letters are of the same phonetic value as the previous row written in black. There is no way to distinguish the sixth order's functions in written Amharic. Although it is pronounced as /sɨm/ it could also be read as /ˈsɨmɨ/. For example, the Amharic word for "name", ስም, is one syllable but uses two letters. The complex syllables are formed using the sixth order, which serves the purposes of being a vowel carrier and of marking a mute consonant (without a vowel). Though there are many irregularities, the letters of the same order resemble one another in at least one aspect, the aspect that characterized the order.Īlthough the Amharic script can form simple syllables with one letter, it may take multiple letters to form one complex syllable. Each vowel order alters the Ge'ez letters in a similar way. The other six orders are alterations of the original Ge'ez letters. The first order is identical to the letters used in the original Ge'ez before the vocalizations were created centuries ago. All of the consonant-vowel combinations in the first column are called first orders, the ones in the second column are second orders, and so on. There are seven written vowels in Amharic with each vowel altering the form of a consonant. Each letter represents one consonant (or consonant cluster) and one vowel. The Amharic letters ( ፊደላት) in the second chart have the consonants in rows and the vowels in columns. The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Amharic pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. ![]()
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